<h1>Local-First Software is Easier to Scale</h1>
<img src="/images/flatirons.webp" alt="The Flatirons">
<p>The title of this post is somewhat misleading. Local-first software rarely needs to be scaled at all.</p>
<p><a href="https://writewithharper.com">Harper</a> recently received a massive increase in both traffic and user count.
How?
By making it to the front page of Hacker News.
If you couldn't tell by the extent to which I talk about this, I'm thrilled.
This amounted to a tremendous amount of free advertising, if nothing else.</p>
<p>I've been thinking a lot about the wondrous benefits of working at the edge.
That's just one term of many that people use to describe Harper: "edge-first".
Others include "local-first" or simply "on-device".
They are all just jargon for a simple idea: We run all the relevant grammar checking code as physically close to the users as possible.
That way, we can serve up suggestions faster than anyone else.
To achieve our goal, we make sure that everything is well-optimized and lean.
Harper barely uses any CPU or memory at all.</p>
<p>What does all this mean in the context of the recent uptick in user acquisition? Imagine, for a moment, we are LanguageTool.
Our software is written in Java, with questionable attendance to the efficiency of our code.
Since our software requires a big server to run, we have a certain number of servers on standby to handle a certain amount of expected load.</p>
<p>If suddenly the number of requests we received were to double (as it did for the Chrome extension), we would be big trouble.
To avoid increasing the latency on requests (or dropping requests all together), we would need to scale up the number of running servers.
This not only takes hiring an expert in cloud architecture, but also additional funding to pay the AWS (or whatever) bill at the end of the month.</p>
<p>Because Harper runs at the edge (no server required), we don't have to worry about that.
In fact, I only noticed that our user count had spiked after I visited Hacker News the morning after.
No hiccups at all.</p>
<p>Lots of cloud providers like to brag about being able to scale with their users. I like to brag about not having to scale at all.</p>

The title of this post is somewhat misleading. Local-first software rarely needs to be scaled at all.

<p>The title of this post is somewhat misleading. Local-first software rarely needs to be scaled at all.</p>

Local-First Software Is Easier to Scale

<h1>Why I Talk to Myself</h1>
<img src="/images/bike_sidewalk.webp" alt="My bike broke down. Luckily, I had my camera">
<p>Each week I sit down and reflect on what I've learned. I think about which of my efforts have helped the Harper endeavor, and which have harmed it. It's not easy, but I think it's one of the best habits I've built. More accurately, it's one of the best habits <a href="https://ma.tt">Matt</a> has encouraged me to build.</p>
<p>When I really think about it, I'm reminded of the original <a href="https://blog.afterthedeadline.com/">After the Deadline blog</a>, which coincidentally also had a category called "Talking to Myself". I wonder if Raphael Mudge (AtD's author) had a similar motivation.</p>
<p>I talk to myself to find the weaknesses in Harper's mission and focus my attention on what matters. It is an efficient way to get from <a href="https://ma.tt/2025/05/sharing-levels/">layer one to layer five</a>. It can help get other maintainers on the same page and build a body of knowledge that can be linked to from anywhere.</p>
<p>Not worrying about keeping information locked-down is one of the more beautiful parts of working in public. Open source code would be nothing without similarly open source knowledge. I talk to myself <em>online</em> so my users can understand my intentions.</p>
<p>In many senses, we are not unlike moths. We are drawn to the lights of distraction, hype, and procrastination. For me, setting up checkpoints to stop and reflect has been an effective deterrent from these lights. In fact, I think each minute for which I stop and think has paid itself back three times over in time savings. If I can better allocate my time and energy, I can avoid doing redundant work pursuing pointless goals.</p>
<h2>Bonus Points</h2>
<p>A <a href="./markov_chains_are_the_original_language_models">few</a> of my <a href="./local-first_software_is_easier_to_scale">articles</a> have become popular on sites like Hacker News and Reddit. We've gotten quite a few Harper installations from links on these articles. I would never rely on this kind of blogging as a source of advertising, but it is nice to see it help spread the word.</p>

It's not easy, but I think it's one of the best habits I've ever built.

<p>It's not easy, but I think it's one of the best habits I've ever built.</p>

Why I Talk to Myself

<h1>Code Ages Like Milk</h1>
<img src="/images/front_range.webp" alt="The Front Range in the summer is hard to beat">
<p>A bold title, no? But it’s true, and it’s something that I (and most other maintainers) have to deal with on a regular basis. Failing to account for this reality can slow down development and dissuade contributors from sticking around.</p>
<p>As the chief maintainer of Harper, one of my main jobs is to act as quality control. I receive <a href="https://github.com/Automattic/harper/pulse/monthly">a number of PRs each week</a>, both from new contributors and old. Given the diverse pool of contributors, it makes sense that I review a diverse pool of code of varying levels of quality.</p>
<p>When I have my head down on technical and attention-intense projects, I have less time to review code. When I have less time, I need to set priorities. The question becomes: Would I rather let code from high-quality, reliable sources pile up, or code from sources of unknown quality?</p>
<p>I usually end up reviewing the high-quality sources first, since they’ll likely require fewer revisions. Fewer revisions means quicker merge means improving the user experience faster. Whether or not this is a good decision is something I’ve been thinking about all week.</p>
<h2>Code Ages</h2>
<p>As code sits stagnant in a PR, it ages. You might say I’m crazy, that there is no way the code itself changes as it sits still in an unmerged and unmodified PR. I’d say you’re right, except for one teeny-tiny detail: Code only has meaning when it sits within a broader context. If that broader context changes (for example, when other PRs are merged) the meaning of the unmodified code does too.</p>
<p>Let me put it another way. If the patch from a PR remains stagnant, but the code it gets patched onto changes, the actual impact of the patch does too. This can cause all sorts of problems, from merge conflicts to erroneous test failures.</p>
<p>The longer code sits in a PR, the more time it usually ends up taking me to get it merged (when I finally have the time to get to it), just from the merge conflicts alone. It’s the Lindy effect rearing its ugly head once more.</p>
<h2>Features Age Too</h2>
<p>Not only does code age when left untouched and unused, so do the features they represent. If a user requests for a button that marks some text as bold and they don’t receive that feature promptly, they’ll find an alternative solution, possibly from a competitor.</p>
<p>The rest of the app can evolve too. If you’re an individual contributor, it’s in your best interest for your code to make it to master. If that doesn’t happen quickly enough, another contributor (or, if the software is extensible, like Obsidian or WordPress) or plugin author might beat you to the punch.</p>
<h2>What Can I Do About It?</h2>
<p>I believe the way I’ve been handling this until now has been entirely wrong. I should be allocating more of my time to training new contributors and fielding PRs from established ones. Open sources is a team effort.</p>
<p>As for you, dear reader, that’s for you to figure out. The worst way code can age is if it stays in your head. Don’t let your ideas go to waste. <a href="./never_wait">Open that PR</a>, or remind your reviewer to take another look if you haven’t already.</p>

Failing to account for this reality can slow down development and dissuade contributors from sticking around.

<p>Failing to account for this reality can slow down development and dissuade contributors from sticking around.</p>

Code Ages like Milk

<h1>I Spoke at WordCamp U.S. in 2025</h1>
<p>I had the incredible opportunity to speak at WordCamp U.S. at <a href="https://ma.tt">Matt</a>'s suggestion.
I met a number of wonderful, kind, and inviting people.
It was my first WordCamp and first conference talk, so I was naturally nervous.
The community made it feel easy.</p>
<iframe width="100%" height="400" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/e-jYf8ZV_SA?si=VDPWlTx0kV8lVJTU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p>I spoke about how we can use machine learning to improve the quality of our applications without big capital expenditures.
In fact, I argue that capital expenditures are often a step in the wrong direction.</p>
<p>Fun fact: This talk started out as <a href="./training_a_chunker_with_burn">a blog post</a>.</p>

It was my first WordCamp and first conference talk, so I was naturally nervous.

<p>It was my first WordCamp and first conference talk, so I was naturally nervous.</p>

Elijah Potter

I Spoke at WordCamp U.S. in 2025

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Local-First Software Is Easier to Scale

Why I Talk to Myself

Code Ages like Milk